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  Gluteal Compartment Syndrome as the Underlying Cause of Rhabdomyolsis: Case Report

  Omar Alazem, Harjinderpal Singh, and Haidar Al-Saadi

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Gluteal compartment syndrome (GCS) is a rare and easily-missed diagnosis that can cause significant morbidity and mortality.

  It is an important diagnosis to consider in the ED for “found down” patients, prompting thorough physical examination. It should also be in the differential diagnosis of causes of rhabdomyolysis.

  Awareness of this largely clinical diagnosis is critical, as early intervention with emergent fasciotomy leads to better outcomes.

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  A Fatal Cause of Weakness: Bilateral Lower Extremity Weakness in Aortic Dissection

  Yasmine Ankouny, Gina M. Ruggirello, and Adam Vieder

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Aortic dissection is characterized by the tearing of the aortic wall, creating a false lumen between the intima and media, that can compromise blood flow to vital organs. This tear most commonly occurs in the ascending aorta, specifically in the right lateral wall where shear forces are greater.3Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon and most often presents with severe tearing chest or back pain. Early diagnosis is critical for survival.2,3.

  The incidence of acute aortic dissection is estimated to be 2.6-3.5 per 100,000 person-years.1.

  In a study from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD), 66% were males with the mean age of 63 years old.2.

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  Myasthenia Gravis Seronegative

  Ryan Brown and Avery Cheap

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fluctuating weakness involving ocular, bulbar, limb, and/or respiratory muscles.

  Antibodies found in MG = (anti-AChR), (anti-MuSK), (anti-LRP4), antiagrin, anti-titin, (anti-RyR), anti-collagen Q, and (anti-KV1.4) antibodies.

  MG is relatively uncommon with annual incidence 7-30 cases per million.

  Can occur at any age but has bimodal distribution of 2nd and 3rd decade for females to 6th to 8th decade of life for males.

  Myasthenia gravis can be precipitated by recent surgeries, illness or immunizations.

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  Encephalitis: Acyclovir Toxicity or Varicella Zoster Virus?

  Christine Carline, David Hess, and Diane Paratore

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  • Varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis can cause headache, vomiting, fever, altered mental status (AMS), ataxia, visual hallucinations and seizures

  • Acyclovir toxicity has similar symptoms such as hallucinations, confusion, AMS and dysphasia

  • Therefore, it can be difficult to distinguish acyclovir toxicity from VZV encephalitis.

  • We will discuss a patient with symptoms concerning for these diagnoses.

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  Cardiac Arrest in Setting of Thyroid Storm

  Jacob Hague, Eric Litman, Kyle Smola, and Amy Wallace

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Thyroid storm is a true endocrine emergency resulting from the vast overproduction of thyroid hormone leading to markedly increased metabolic demands affecting all organ systems. [1] This condition can be precipitated by medication non-compliance, prior illnesses, surgery and contracture of underlying infections. The cardiovascular implications include high output heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and acute tachy-arrhythmias, which serve as the leading cause of mortality in thyroid storm. Burch-Wartofsky Point Score (BWPS) is frequently used to diagnose thyroid storm [2]. Early treatment in the emergency department has been shown to mitigate acute compromise of left ventricular function and augment clinical outcomes.

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  Purr-Ils of the Liver: A Case of Mash Cirrhosis Complicated by Disseminated Pasteurella

  Joanna Henry, Alaa Abujame, Cameron Hubbard, Angela Shermetaro, James Hebden, Hussein Bazzy, Jared Grodman, Katie Sumnicht, and Christopher Cooley Cooley

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Pasteurella Multicoda is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is commensal to mammals such as domesticated pets and transmitted to humans by scratches or bites. The extent of infection is often limited to soft tissue, bone, and joint.

  Disseminated infection by P. multicoda infrequently is typically associated with peritoneal dialysis.

  We present a case of disseminated P. multocida infection with bacteremia and peritonitis in a patient with NASH Cirrhosis.

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  A Case of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a Postpartum Woman

  John Kruszewski, Alaa Abujame, and Amy Wallace

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a nontraumatic, noniatrogenic separation of the coronary arterial wall and is an infrequent cause of acute myocardial infarction. The underlying mechanism of SCAD is not fully understood. Proposed mechanisms likely include intimal tear and bleeding of the vasa vasorum, inflammation of the adventitia and tortuosity of the coronary artery. SCAD should be considered in any young patient who presents with an acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest, especially in females without risk factors or history of coronary heart disease. Diagnosis is confirmed with coronary angiography. Management strategies include medical management, revascularization, mechanical support and cardiac transplantation

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  Mounjaro Mediated Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia

  Barbara Senger, Zachary Howarth, Ali Baydoun, and Benjamin Rossi

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which a person has low platelets or thrombocytes in the blood.

  Symptoms of thrombocytopenia vary based on severity.

  Mild: asymptomatic.

  Moderate: prolonged bleeding following trauma, easy ecchymosis, petechiae and purpura.

  Severe: spontaneous ecchymosis/petechiae/purpura, spontaneous mucosal bleeding, life threatening internal bleeding.

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  Stress Induced Electrical Storm with Recurrent ICD Defibrillation

  Joshua M. Smith and Frank Schell

  Publication Date: 5-9-2024

  Electrical storm is a life-threatening condition where a patient may experience frequent episodes or persistent ventricular arrythmias. With improved medical treatment of advanced heart failure patients, patients with electrical storm are presenting more commonly to emergency centers. Patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators experiencing multiple appropriate defibrillations need emergent evaluation and a systematic approach by Emergency Physicians.

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  Rapid Response Team Codes Following Transition-of-Care from the Emergency Department to an Inpatient Medicine Unit

  Kerrin Bersani and Brett Todd

  Publication Date: 5-2023

  Transitions-of-care from the emergency department (ED) to an inpatient unit have been identified as a high-risk period for medical error due to multiple causes, such as communication mishaps, excessive workload, variability in patient flow, and unclear assignment of responsibility. Patients who experience a diagnostic error are also at increased risk for poor outcomes, including increased length-of-stay and mortality. Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) are frequently utilized by hospitals to address a sudden deterioration in clinical status, often after a transition-of-care. We investigated the occurrence of RRT in patients shortly after a transition-of-care from the ED to a medicine unit. Further, we analyzed the rates of RRT across various demographic groups.

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  Beyond COVID-19: The Impact of Recent Pandemics on Medical Students and their Education: A Scoping Review

  Moneb Bughrara, Stephanie Swanberg, Victoria Lucia, Keaton Schmitz, Dawn Jung, and Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas

  Publication Date: 5-2023

  Over the past two years, COVID-19 has greatly altered undergraduate medical education (UME) as well as daily life. Medical schools across the world were disrupted and had to immediately adapt the educational experience to the online environment in order to continue the delivery of quality UME. However, COVID-19 was not the only recent pandemic. This posed the question, were similar disruptions and adaptations also seen in recent past pandemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that could have prepared UME for COVID-19? This scoping review investigated the educational and personal impact of recent pandemics on UME and medical students.

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  Encephalitis: Acyclovir Toxicity or Varicella Zoster Virus?

  Christine Carline, David Hess, and Diane Paratore

  Publication Date: 5-4-2023

  Varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis can cause headache, vomiting, fever, altered mental status (AMS), ataxia, visual hallucinations and seizures1

  ▪ Acyclovir toxicity has similar symptoms such as hallucinations, confusion, AMS and dysphasia2 .

  ▪ Therefore, it can be difficult to distinguish acyclovir toxicity from VZV encephalitis.

  ▪We will discuss a patient with symptoms concerning for these diagnoses.

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  Purr-Ils of the Liver: A Case of Mash Cirrhosis Complicated by Disseminated Pasteurella

  Joanna Henry, Alaa Abujame, Cameron Hubbard, Angela Shermetaro, James Hebden, Hussein Bazzy, Jared Grodman, Katie Sumnicht, and Christopher Cooley

  Publication Date: 5-4-2023

  Pasteurella Multicoda is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is commensal to mammals such as domesticated pets and transmitted to humans by scratches or bites. The extent of infection is often limited to soft tissue, bone, and joint.

  Disseminated infection by P. multicoda infrequently is typically associated with peritoneal dialysis.

  We present a case of disseminated P. multocida infection with bacteremia and peritonitis in a patient with NASH Cirrhosis

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  Impact of Earlier Ophthalmology Clerkships on Medical Student Match Rates in Ophthalmology

  Andrew Lee and Steven Joseph

  Publication Date: 5-2023

  The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between earlier clerkship exposure and match success, specifically in ophthalmology. Medical schools are constantly changing their clinical curriculums to provide a stronger foundational education to their students. The structure of each medical school’s clerkship curriculum varies in timing, length and availability of certain core and elective rotations. Gaining a better understanding of the factors that affect student match rates in certain specialties can influence changes in clinical curricula to maximize future match success.

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  A Prospective Sonographic Evaluation of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Associated Thrombophlebitis

  Nicholas Mielke, Steven Johnson, Patrick Karabon, and Amit Bahl

  Publication Date: 5-2023

  Thrombophlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is a poorly described complication in the literature. Given limited accuracy of current assessment tools and poor documentation in the medical record, the true incidence and relevance of this complication is misrepresented. We aimed to identify risk factors in the development of thrombophlebitis using an objective methodology coupling serial diagnostic ultrasound and clinical assessment.

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  Family/Decision maker Perception of Patient Care and Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment

  Joshua Paul, Revelle Gappy, Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas, and Robert A. Swor

  Publication Date: 5-2023

  Withdrawal of life sustaining treatment (WLST) is the process by which a patient has life supporting measures removed when a decision is reached that further care if futile. This process is a complex interplay of medical science, the healthcare teams’ past experiences, and communication with the patient’s family/decision maker Family members are commonly called upon to make critical decisions regarding the provision or withdrawal of patient care. Our objective was to describe the perceptions and experiences of the family members of patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit after resuscitation from an Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA).

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  Stress Induced Electrical Storm with Recurrent ICD Defibrillation

  Joshua M. Smith and Frank Schell

  Publication Date: 5-4-2023

  Electrical storm is a life-threatening condition where a patient may experience frequent episodes or persistent ventricular arrythmias. With improved medical treatment of advanced heart failure patients, patients with electrical storm are presenting more commonly to emergency centers. Patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators experiencing multiple appropriate defibrillations need emergent evaluation and a systematic approach by Emergency Physicians.

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  Evaluation of online patient information regarding emergency center utilization

  Rachel Truland and Steven Joseph

  Publication Date: 5-2023

  The decision a patient makes when seeking emergency medical care comes with risks and ambiguity if the right decision is not made. The internet is increasingly accessible to patients, and they often consult an internet search prior to seeking healthcare. The aim of this study is to assess the readability and reliability of online information regarding a patient’s decision to seek emergency care.

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  Differences within a health system: imaging use for suspected pediatric appendicitis

  Nafisa Bhuiyan, Ryan Nierstedt, Michelle Jankowski, Shanna Jones, and Aveh Bastani

  Publication Date: 5-2-2022

  INTRODUCTION
  Ultrasound (US) is the first line imaging used for suspected pediatric appendicitis. However, following equivocal US findings and its lower negative predictive value for ruling out appendicitis, Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is often performed in children. This study investigates the differences in imaging utilization between a community hospital (Beaumont Troy) and a children’s ED hospital (Beaumont Royal Oak), making it the first study to evaluate suspected pediatric appendicitis in Beaumont Health System. It also aims to further characterize differences in patient outcomes such as surgery, length of hospital stay, complications of appendicitis, and highlight the need to reduce unnecessary CT use due to its radiation exposure.

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  A Case Report of a Rare COVID-19 Complication: a Subdural Empyema in a Pediatric Female

  Christine Carline, Scott Klein, Christopher Cooley, and Daniel Zoller

  Publication Date: 5-2022

  • There have been few reported cases of intracranial complications in patients with COVID-19 and even fewer cases in children.

  • A subdural empyema (SDE) is an intracranial abscess between the dura and arachnoid mater.

  • A SDE usually occurs due to sinusitis, most commonly the frontal sinus, or acute otitis media

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  Evaluation of Implementing ‘Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety’ in a Community Emergency Department

  Bryson Caskey, Shanna Jones, Sarah Berry, Heather Harris, David Donaldson, and Aveh Bastani

  Publication Date: 5-2-2022

  This study sought to provide an initial evaluation of implementing the program ‘Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety’ (TeamSTEPPS) in the William Beaumont Troy Emergency Department (ED). TeamSTEPPS integrates teamwork into medical practice by developing tools and strategies within leadership, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication to increase team performance in order to improve quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare1,2 (figure 1). It was implemented in the Troy Beaumont ED in 2017. This study was designed to determine if the program is achieving desired outcomes, identify areas for improvement, and add to the limited fund of data on the effectiveness of TeamSTEPPS in community ED’s3-5.

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  Journal Club in the Pre-Clinical Years During Medical School

  Kristin Cuadra and Steven Joseph

  Publication Date: 5-2-2022

  INTRODUCTION
  Traditionally, journal clubs have been conducted within graduate medical programs to help integrate evidence-based learning. This study will be focused on beginning to integrate journal club into the pre-clinical years while implementing successful techniques used in past journal clubs. Our hypothesis is that, with a structured review instrument in place to help students analyze clinical articles, students will be able to benefit from monthly journal clubs and fully grasp concepts taught in these pre-clinical years. Overall, the results will contribute significantly in determining the efficacy of journal club and whether or not it can be a valuable tool in medical education.

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  Should I Stay or Should I Go: Discharging Low-risk Pulmonary Emboli from the Emergency Department

  Matthew Drogowski, Radwa Koujana, Ali Abou-Alaiwi, David A. Berger, and Danielle Turner-Lawrence

  Publication Date: 4-28-2022

  Introduction

  •Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective treatment for pulmonary emboli (PE)1 •Increasing literature suggests the safety of discharging patients with low-risk PEs on DOACs2

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  Differences in Small Bowel Obstruction Outcomes in an Academic vs Community Hospital.

  Kelly Fahey, Aveh Bastani, Shanna Jones, and Philip Kilanowski-Doroh

  Publication Date: 5-2-2022

  Small bowel obstruction: blockage in small intestine. Adhesions are the most common cause. Accounts for 300,000 hospitalizations in the US annually, and 20% of emergency surgical procedures in patients with abdominal pain. High morbidity and mortality. Average hospital stay of 8 days. 30-day readmission rate of 16%. In-hospital mortality rate of 3%. Costly diagnosis: more than $2 billion spent on admissions for adhesion-related disease in the United States. Clinical presentation: variable, includes abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, nausea, and abdominal distention. Management. Operative: important if signs of ischemia, peritonitis, or strangulation. Conservative: includes bowel rest, nasogastric decompression, serial examinations, and a water-soluble contrast challenge. Majority of patients (65-80%) with SBO due to adhesions can be successfully managed with non-operative treatment. Wide institutional variation exists with respect to the decision on admitting service. Aim and Objective To understand the differences in admitting service (medicine or surgery) in patients with SBO on morbidity and length of stay in a large academic hospital vs a community hospital.

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  A Multimodal Approach to Reducing Opioid Administration in the Emergency Department

  Eddie Ford, Vito Rocco, Shanna Jones, and Patrick Karabon

  Publication Date: 5-2-2022

  INTRODUCTION
  The United States is battling a deadly epidemic against opioid abuse and misuse, which began as a result of pharmaceutical companies purposely downplaying the addictive potential of their opioid medications. In 2016, a Colorado health care system developed a groundbreaking alternative to opioids (ALTO) protocol for acute pain relief in the Emergency Department (ED). This protocol was adapted and implemented in the Beaumont Troy ED and is the focus of this current study. The primary goal of this study is to characterize the impact of the ALTO protocol on the rate of opioid and non-opioid administration in the ED for acute pain relief.