Books and Book Chapters

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  Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation

  Yading Yuan, Ronald Levitin, Zaid Siddiqui, Richard Bakst, Michael Buckstein, and Evan Porter

  Publication Date: 12-2023

  Accurate and reliable automated segmentation plays a vital role in improving consistency, efficiency and quality of patient care in clinical radiation therapy process, while also enabling comprehensive quantitative image analysis for assessing treatment outcomes on a large scale. In recent years, deep learning-based methods, which seamlessly integrate information ranging from global semantic context to intricate details within a unified end-to-end framework, have demonstrated substantially superior performance than traditional algorithms in numerous tasks involving tumor and/or organ segmentation. In this chapter, we firstly present the rationale of using deep learning for medical image segmentation, then we discuss several practical considerations when developing a deep learning model for a particular segmentation task, including image pre-processing, image patch selection, data augmentation, model fusion and output uncertainty assessment. Finally, we express our perspectives on the significance of international image analysis competitions in introducing innovative ideas and models, as well as in educating emerging researchers in the field of auto-segmentation in radiotherapy.

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  Underactive Bladder in Older Adults

  Laura E. Lamb and Michael B. Chancellor

  Publication Date: 12-11-2015

  Overactive bladder is one of the most common bladder problems, but an estimated 20 million Americans have underactive bladder (UAB), which makes going to the bathroom difficult, increases the risk of urinary tract infections, and even leads to institutionalization. This article provides an overview of UAB in older adults, and discusses the prevalence, predisposing factors, cause, clinical investigations, and treatments. At present, there is no effective therapy for UAB. A great deal of work still needs to be done on understanding the pathogenesis and the development of effective therapies.