Serum Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Revision Surgery for Shoulder Arthroplasty Loosening
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2017
Abstract
42nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, March 19-22, 2017.
Recommended Citation
Smith JT, Wilhelm SK, Baker EA, Wiater JM, Baker KC. Serum bone turnover biomarkers in revision surgery for shoulder arthroplasty loosening. 42nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, March 19-22, 2017.
COinS
Comments
INTRODUCTION: With increased volumes of shoulder arthroplasty being performed worldwide, there is interest in developing assays that can enhance decision making regarding the need for revision procedures. Component loosening remains as an important clinical challenge in shoulder arthroplasty and is one potential target for the development of prognostic assays. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of circulating biomarkers associated with bone metabolism in patients with well-functioning shoulder arthroplasty components versus patients scheduled for revision arthroplasty due to component loosening, or implant failure.
METHODS: Twenty participants were recruited into the study, nineteen having received a primary shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and one for a proximal humerus fracture. The experimental group (n=10) consisted of participants suffering prosthesis failure and scheduled for revision shoulder arthroplasty. The control group (n=10) consisted of participants with no prosthetic complications. Patients were selected so that the mean post-operative times were comparable (4years +/- 2months). Serum samples were collected and quantitatively assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), pro-collagen type I c-terminal peptide (PICP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). This data was then compared to the presence of loosening as assessed intra-operatively, lifestyle factors, and degree of loosening measured radiographically. A ten point radiographic scale was used to assess the severity of component loosening.
DISCUSSION: As component loosening remains a common cause for revision shoulder arthroplasty in patients without infection, a panel of biomarkers focused on bone metabolism could provide prognostic information to physicians. Patients with well-functioning implants tended to have higher levels of markers associated with bone anabolism, though these findings did not correlate with radiographic observations and failed to achieve significance. Our group is currently incorporating additional circulating markers that are indicative of bone catabolism, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) and crosslinked c-terminal and n-terminal peptides of type I collagen (CTX-I, NTX-1).
SIGNIFICANCE: This study attempts to identify easily obtained serum biomarkers indicative of arthroplasty loosening, the most common cause of prosthesis failure. Use of these markers may allow for earlier diagnosis and intervention of a prosthesis beginning to undergo loosening.