Nutrient and Hormonal Effects on Long Bone Growth in Healthy and Obese Children: A Literature Review.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-3-2024
Publication Title
Children
Abstract
Longitudinal bone growth is mediated through several mechanisms including macro- and micronutrients, and endocrine and paracrine hormones. These mechanisms can be affected by childhood obesity as excess adiposity may affect signaling pathways, place undue stress on the body, and affect normal physiology. This review describes the physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation under healthy weight and obesity parameters, and bone pathology following obesity. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, PMC, NIH, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pertinent to hormonal and nutritional effects on bone development, child obesity, and pathologic bone development related to weight. The review indicates a complex network of nutrients, hormones, and multi-system interactions mediates long bone growth. As growth of long bones occurs during childhood and the pubertal growth spurt, pediatric bones require adequate levels of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and a base caloric supply for energy. Recommendations should focus on a nutrient-dense dietary approach rather than restrictive caloric diets to maintain optimal health. In conclusion, childhood obesity has profound multifaceted effects on the developing musculoskeletal system, ultimately causing poor nutritional status during development. Weight loss, under medical supervision, with proper nutritional guidelines, can help counteract the ill effects of childhood obesity.
Volume
11
Issue
7
First Page
817
Recommended Citation
Hasan S, Naseer S, Zamzam M, Mohilldean H, Van Wagoner C, Hasan A, et al. [Saleh ES]. Nutrient and hormonal effects on long bone growth in healthy and obese children: a literature review. Children. 2024 Jul 3;11(7):817. doi: 10.3390/children11070817. PMID: 39062266.
DOI
10.3390/children11070817
ISSN
2227-9067
PubMed ID
39062266
