Diagnostic role of kidney injury molecule-1 in renal cell carcinoma.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-1-2019
Publication Title
International urology and nephrology
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients. While there has been a shift towards earlier detection, approximately 16% of patients present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a glycoprotein that has been shown to be a robust and reliable biomarker of acute proximal tubular injury. As KIM-1 is mainly expressed in RCC derived from the proximal tubules, it is a reliable marker to differentiate between proximal tubular primary RCC and distal nephron primary RCC. Several studies have investigated urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) in RCC and demonstrated that it is a sensitive and specific marker for detecting localized RCC, as patients had markedly reduced uKIM-1 levels following nephrectomy, with uKIM-1 levels correlating with tumor size and grade. In addition, levels of KIM-1 present in plasma have also shown utility as a biomarker of RCC with levels being elevated in RCC cases at least 5 years before diagnosis. This review focuses on a progressive understanding of KIM-1 in the diagnosis of RCC using biopsies, urine, and plasma samples, and it will also provide some insight into potential roles of KIM-1 in the growth and spread of RCC.
Volume
51
Issue
11
First Page
1893
Last Page
1902
Recommended Citation
Zhang KJ, Wilson GD, Kara S, Majeske A, Zhang PL, Hafron JM. Diagnostic role of kidney injury molecule-1 in renal cell carcinoma. Int Urol Nephrol. 2019 Nov;51(11):1893-1902. doi: 10.1007/s11255-019-02231-0. Epub 2019 Aug 5. PMID: 31385177.
DOI
10.1007/s11255-019-02231-0
ISSN
1573-2584
PubMed ID
31385177