Evolving Understanding of Renal Progenitor (Stem) Cells in Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology
Book Title
Handbook of Stem Cells: From Basic to Clinical Sciences
Files
Editors
Haider, Khawaja H.
Description
In the embryonic kidney, the mesonephros functions transiently during early fetal development. By the second month, most disappear, but a few become gonad-associated components. The permanent kidney develops from the metanephros that contributes to the development of glomeruli, proximal tubules, and distal tubules under the induction of the ureteric bud generating the renal pelvis and collecting ducts. In the metanephros-associated kidneys, the parietal epithelial cells, as progenitor (stem) cells, stain positively for CD133 (a progenitor cell marker) and differentiate into visceral epithelial cells (also called podocytes). The podocytes then provide nutrients and paracrine factors to glomerular basement membranes, glomerular endothelium, and mesangial cells. Under some pathologic conditions, the parietal epithelial cells can either generate cellular crescents in the primary crescent glomerulonephritis or produce immature hyperplastic podocytes in the collapsing glomerulopathy. In normal proximal tubules, CD133-positive progenitor cells are scattered along the proximal tubules, particularly at the turning niche of each tubular segment. The tubular progenitor cells appear to serve as oxygen-sensing receptors related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-associated oxygen-sensing system. Under hypoxic conditions, the tubular progenitor cells first spread their signals to the nearby tubular cells. Eventually, CD133-positive signals can be detected in all injured proximal tubular epithelial cells for regenerative repair. The chapter will provide readers with evolving understanding of where progenitor cells originate in the kidney, their roles in different renal diseases, and some potential directions for further research using renal progenitor cells.
First Page
585
Last Page
609
ISBN
9789819971190
Publication Date
3-24-2024
Publisher
Springer
City
Singapore
Disciplines
Nephrology | Pathology
Recommended Citation
Zhang PL, Kroneman O. Evolving understanding of renal progenitor (stem) cells in renal physiology and pathophysiology. In: Haider KH. Handbook of stem cells: from basic to clinical sciences. Singapore: Springer; 2024, p.585-609